Santiago is an academic journal of the Faculty of Social Sciences published by the Department of Scientific and Technical Information of Universidad de Oriente in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. It focuses, mainly, on the field of social sciences and humanities although it includes, as well, social approaches of theoretical studies developed by technical sciences. The journal is listed on the Registro Nacional de Publicaciones Seriadas with e-ISSN: 2227-6513. It is published quarterly. However, it also presents case studies and special issues. The revision process of articles is conducted through peer review process, under the double-blind system. In case of difference of opinion among the experts, the article will be sent to a third one Indexed to Indexada por Scielo, Cubaciencia, Latindex 2.0, MIAR, HistoricalAbstracts, AcademicSearch Complete and AcademicSearch Premier (EBSCO), Fuente Académica, Fuente Academica Premier, Citas Latinoamericanas en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades (CLASE), Modern Language Association Database (MLA), ERIH PLUS, REED, REIMA, REDIB, ROAD, SherpaRomeo, DORA, Mendeley, Labroots, Loop, Academia.edu. Catalogue: Catálogo colectivo COPAC, <a title="http://corail.sudoc.abes.fr/DB=2.1/SET=2/TTL=1//CMD?ACT=SRCHA&IKT=8&SRT=RLV&TRM=0048-9115&COOKIE=U10178,Klecteurweb,D2.1,E0510f967-859,I250,B341720009+,SY,A\9008+1,,J,H2-26,,29,,34,,39,,44,,49-50,,53-78,,80-87,NLECTEUR+PSI,R200.55.162.201,FN" href="http://corail.sudoc.abes.fr/DB=2.1/SET=2/TTL=1/CMD?ACT=SRCHA&IKT=8&SRT=RLV&TRM=0048-9115&COOKIE=U10178,Klecteurweb,D2.1,E0510f967-859,I250,B341720009+,SY,A%5C9008+1,,J,H2-26,,29,,34,,39,,44,,49-50,,53-78,,80-87,NLECTEUR+PSI,R200.55.162.201,FN">Catálogo colectivo SUDOC, Catálogo colectivo ZDB, OCLC WorldCat and DOAJ Scope Due to its profile, it accepts articles, national and foreign, with results of theoretical and applied research on various topics: Sociology, Philosophy, Psychology, Law, History, Art History, Linguistics, Literature, Economics, Pedagogy, Communication, Environment, Social Work, Cultural Studies; Medical Sciences and other scientific areas that conduct social studies. Aims To widely promote scientific exchange and publication of experts’ research work linked to social sciences and humanities. Mission Dissemination of research experiences and results in the field of social and humanistic sciences in the form of research articles, scientific essays and reviews.
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The transnational family in the context of contemporary migration. One study of México
The research work presented is the result of a bibliographic search that included a significant number of theoretical references. The main variables of the study are: family and migration, historical-cultural phenomena with a diverse scientific treatment. They represent a social reality studied especially from the social sciences. In contemporary times they constitute topics of transcendental importance, taking into account that they are associated with life perspectives and national development. Population transitions, transfers or movements affect sociodemographic and socioeconomic indicators, birth rate, security, health, education, food, production, trade, among others. The United Mexican States and the United States of America have a very close historical bond, beneficial for both nations although their dimensions are unequal, asymmetrical and very contradictory. The transfer from one country to another, separated by a shared border of thousands of kilometers, with intense mobility, generates damages that must be addressed by scientific and political management. The essentially qualitative methodology used, based on the use of techniques such as bibliographic search and text analysis, led to supporting the criterion that work should be done to ensure the non-disintegration and dismemberment of families, their multinational integration, pluralism and multiculturalism, social inclusion, and multidirectional and multidimensional contributions. Hence, the objective of the research is: to analyze the impact of the migratory movement on the formation of a transnational family.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nancy Evelyn Rodríguez Ornelas, Román Cabral Correa, José Luis Aguilera Amaro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
East in front of the Second North American Intervention in Cuba
The investigation has shown that the second American intervention was one of the most significant processes of the first two decades of the Cuban Republican stage, since they tried to readjust the mechanisms of American domination on the island. The research project aims to analyze the actions that were developed in the old province of the East to deal with the second American intervention. Given the qualitative nature of the investigation, a study of the explanatory level was chosen and the fundamental method used was the historical-logical. It was found that not all political parties participated in the platform subordination, there was resistance and struggle for national sovereignty in the ancient province of the east of the country. Highlighting a radical minority of the mambisado with the Marquis de Santa Lucia, as one of its representatives and the Provincial Manager of the East of General Rafael Portuondo Tamayo as its greatest exponent.
Copyright (c) 2025 Irael Garbey Reyes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Self-care in hypertense patients at risk of chronic kidney disease. November 30 Health área, Santiago de Cuba
The current research was carried out at the "30 de Noviembre" Teaching Polyclinic of the Santiago de Cuba municipality, in the period from January to December 2024. The qualitative methodology was used and within it, the hermeneutic method. The content analysis was facilitated by the multiple case study, which favors community work and the active participation of the investigated subjects; with a sample of 3 hypertensive subjects aged between 50 - 60 years, of both sexes. The objective was: to describe the behavior of self-care indicators in hypertensive subjects to avoid progression to Chronic Kidney Disease. The indicators to be evaluated were: level of knowledge of Chronic Kidney Disease, therapeutic adherence, lifestyle and the most frequent emotional alterations, through techniques such as: in-depth interview, observation, the State-Trait Depression Inventory and the interview with the medical personnel who care for them. There was a predominance of half level of knowledge of Chronic Kidney Disease, as well as the presence of mostly unhealthy lifestyles, inadequate adherence to treatment and depression as the most significant emotional alteration. Knowing the behavior of these indicators, this research enables the assertive action of health professionals by promoting healthy behaviors and habits, favoring the creation of new strategies and the improvement of existing ones, to improve the state of health in subjects who present High Blood Pressure at risk of suffering from Chronic Kidney Disease.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marcos Enrique Zaldivar Hernández, Aymara Reyes Saborit, Yomara Peña Martínez, Yordanis Arias Barthelemy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Administrative management and service quality in the emergency processes of the ECU 911 in Portoviejo-Manabí, Ecuador
The present study aimed to evaluate the administrative management and service quality of the ECU 911 in the city of Portoviejo, Manabí province, Ecuador. It was a descriptive study with a mixed-methods approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative methods to obtain a comprehensive view of the emergency system's performance. Techniques applied included a survey with a sample of 384 citizens, as well as direct observation using a previously designed guide applied on-site at the ECU 911 facilities. The instruments used were the questionnaire and the observation guide. Among the most notable results, the service was considered relatively efficient, and the staff was perceived as friendly; however, difficulties were also reported in reaching the emergency center during critical situations, and no follow-up was received afterward. The observation revealed notable deficiencies in furniture ergonomics, accessibility, and technological updates. These findings reflect a favorable perception in human aspects, but also highlight significant shortcomings in infrastructure, communication, and citizen education—factors that are essential to ensuring timely and high-quality emergency management services.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gema Polethe García Amén, Maryuri Alexandra Zamora Cusme, María Yarixa Macías Pico https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Psychosocial risks resulting from violence against women in the city of Manta, Ecuador
The article explores the psychosocial repercussions of gender-based violence and seeks to raise awareness in the community about the seriousness of this problem. Through a theoretical review and a detailed analysis, it is intended to influence the creation of public policies and support programs that improve the health and recovery of victims. The research provides empirical data and analysis that enrich gender studies, fostering new research and methods to address violence against women in Latin America. The article underscores the negative effects of violence on mental health and highlights that the Manta community must address these factors holistically, promoting education on gender equality, strengthening support networks, and ensuring that victims receive the help they need to heal and rebuild their lives.
Copyright (c) 2025 Martha Teresa Cedeño Pazmiño, Juan Carlos Carpio García, Gladys Lola Luján Johnson https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Psychosocial risk of medical personnel in a public hospital in the latin american context: cases of Ecuador and Peru
Medical staff in public hospitals often face excessive workloads due to high demand for services and scarce resources, which can lead to increased stress and work-related fatigue. Additionally, they are exposed to emergency situations, pain, and death, which can have a significant emotional impact and contribute to the development of disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder, contributing to an increase in mental health problems such as emotional exhaustion, depression, and anxiety. Therefore, the objective of this article is to identify the main psychosocial risks to which medical staff in Latin American hospitals are exposed, such as work-related stress, workload, emotional exhaustion, and exposure to traumatic situations. The research was conducted using a qualitative literature review approach, reviewing primary sources on psychosocial risks in hospital work environments. It is concluded that high rates of psychosocial risks are common in Latin American hospitals, with a significant impact on the mental health of medical staff, increasing the incidence of anxiety, depression, and other stress-related disorders.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shirley Patricia Valeriano Gurumendi , Gladys Lola Luján Johnson, Karla Estefanía Calle Arcentales https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Regulatory Risks in Public Policy Management Auditing in Ecuador: A Systematic Review (2008-2024)
This article addresses the regulatory challenges in the management audit of public policies in Ecuador, covering the period from 2008 to 2024. Through detailed analysis of previous research, relevant legislation, and landmark cases, this review aims to identify patterns and trends from this period. In addition, it seeks to establish a solid basis for future research and practices in the field of public auditing. The main regulatory vulnerabilities will also be examined and strategies will be proposed to mitigate these risks, promoting more transparent and accountable public management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Evelyn Tatiana Solari Dávila, Gladys Lola Luján Johnson, Ricardo Javier Del Valle Valencia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Risk assessment in governance: strategies and models in the latin american public sector - a systematic review
Risk assessment is a fundamental element of risk management, considered a critical aspect of governance. Risk management involves identifying, assessing, and mitigating potential risks. This article aims to evaluate the strategies and models applied to risk management in public sector governance. To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted, following the guidelines of the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) declaration. The PRISMA methodology provided a structured framework for conducting systematic reviews that ensure transparency, reproducibility, and scientific rigor. The studies reviewed correspond to the last five years, using databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, among others. Several effective strategies and models applied in various contexts were identified. It is concluded that the tax burden and its approach are crucial factors in governance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Miralla Katerine Cobeña Holguín, Gladys Lola Luján Johnson, Ingrid Pamela Menéndez Cevallos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Evaluation of the risk of shortages in ecuadorian public hospitals: a multidimensional approach
This research aimed to identify and analyze the risk of shortages in public hospitals in Ecuador. Stockouts in such hospitals have been a persistent problem that has led patients to sometimes have to purchase medications on their own, putting an additional burden on them and their families. A variety of factors, including inefficiencies in contracting processes, lack of coordination between administrative and operational units, and logistical problems influence this problem. Methodologically, the research was based on a mixed approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative data to provide a comprehensive view of the problem. Through the aforementioned approach, the key factors that contribute to shortages were identified and the effectiveness of the proposed internal controls was evaluated. The sample of participants was limited to managers and administrators from ten public hospitals and the research was focused exclusively on public hospitals. The findings reveal that delays in contracting processes, logistical problems and the lack of effective internal controls are the main factors contributing to shortages in public hospitals in Ecuador.
Copyright (c) 2025 Susana Valeria Mera Domo, Francisco Xavier Zambrano Cantos, Gladys Lola Luján Johnson https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Risk management practices in the implementation of prior control in budget execution in public hospitals of Manabí
Implementing prior control in budget management is crucial to guarantee the efficiency, transparency and custody of public resources in hospitals. However, in Ecuador, the scientific literature on its specific application in public hospitals is limited, which creates a gap in the evidence base necessary for making informed decisions in the health sector. This study aims to evaluate the impact of prior control on spending efficiency, resource allocation, and reduction of financial and administrative risks in public hospitals in Manabí, Ecuador. In addition, it seeks to identify gaps in the scientific literature that can guide future research in this field. A systematic review was carried out following PRISMA guidelines, covering studies published between 2019 and 2024 in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, Dialnet and Google Scholar. Observational studies and systematic reviews related to the implementation of prior control in the budgetary management of public entities, preferably hospitals, were included. 20 studies were included that showed that the implementation of prior control significantly improves spending efficiency, custody of public resources, regulatory compliance, transparency, and ethics in hospital administration; However, a notable lack of specific studies was found in the Ecuadorian context. The results highlight the need to strengthen public policies in Ecuador through the implementation of robust prior controls in hospital management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Linda Estefanía Guerrero Palma, Kiara Mishelle Domo Moreira, Gladys Lola Luján Johnson https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Risk management strategies and practices in budget allocation of public hospitals in Manabí, Ecuador
Introduction: This research aimed to analyze the most effective risk management strategies and practices in budget allocation for public hospitals in Manabí, Ecuador, during the period 2019-2024. Additionally, it sought to evaluate how these strategies have impacted the efficiency and quality of health services to draw lessons applicable to similar contexts. Materials and methods: A systematic review was carried out following PRISMA guidelines, using academic databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO. Inclusion criteria were applied to select studies published between 2019 and 2024, focused on financial risk management in public hospitals. The quality of the studies was assessed using the AMSTAR 2 tool, and a narrative synthesis of the findings was performed. Of the 1,254 articles initially identified, 87 met the inclusion criteria. Results: The findings indicate that rigorous budget planning and evaluation, combined with strict control of revenues and expenditures, are essential to avoid resource underutilization and maintain financial sustainability. Discussion: Furthermore, disaster preparedness and the implementation of savings and efficiency strategies emerge as key components for improving the resilience of public hospitals. The strategies identified in this review have important implications for public policy in Ecuador and other similar contexts. Conclusions: The adoption of advanced financial management systems and investment in staff training are essential to ensure the efficiency and quality of health services.
Copyright (c) 2025 Diana Elizabeth Calle Arcentales, Nataly Roció López Mite, Gladys Lola Luján Johnson https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Higher education strategies based on public policies and SDGS
Introduction: In the intermediate space that exists between institutional strategy projects that are part of official documents and their implementation in actual practice, the fact that many institutions officially state that they have adopted the SDGs in their development plans, but without clear knowledge about the effects that these actions may have. Methodology: The study was developed using a quantitative, descriptive-correlational methodology and with the purpose of verifying the relationship between institutional strategies carried out based on public policies and the SDGs: Sustainable Development Goals in higher education institutions. It was carried out in a context linked to the 2030 Agenda and the national regulatory framework that requires universities to take an active position in relation to sustainable development. Results and discussion: This social problem lies in the fact that it is not known to what extent these institutional strategic actions, designed based on public policies, are related, from the perspective of impact, with the connection of the SDGs and their incorporation into academic, administrative, and curricular management. Despite the formal acceptance of these goals by many universities, there is a gap between declaration and practice, which raises questions about the coherence and suitability of universities from the perspective of the challenges posed by sustainable development. A review of data suggests a positive correlation between the two variables. Conclusions: It was found that universities that implement planned strategies aligned with public policies have greater integration of the SDGs into their own practices. Importantly, the results highlight the relationship between the formal adoption of SDGs (written in strategic documents) and the existence of organizational structures that ensure their implementation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fidel Ricardo Chiriboga Mendoza, Denise Ilcen Contreras Zapata, Enrique Cristóbal Zambrano Pilay https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Prevalence of gynoid obesity and glycemic control in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in southern Sonora, Mexico
This descriptive study investigated the relationship between obesity type and glycemic control in 25 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from a public health clinic in southern Sonora, Mexico. High comorbidity was found, with 100% of participants diagnosed with T2DM and 64% with some degree of obesity based on BMI. Gynoid obesity was the predominant type (96%), with only 4% having android obesity. Contrary to the perception of lower metabolic risk, its high representation in this sample of patients with T2DM suggests that it does not prevent the disease. Furthermore, 76% of participants showed uncontrolled glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Type 1 obesity was the most prevalent BMI classification (44%). These preliminary findings underscore the need for future research on the regional factors that influence the prevalence of gynoid obesity in this population and its relationship with metabolic control.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ofelia María Rodríguez Escalante https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Analysis of the effectiveness of the application of the pacta sunt servanda principle in ecuadorian law
The principle pacta sunt servanda is one of the fundamental principles underlying the Law of Obligations and International Law, insofar as it establishes the conditions of binding force for the valid fulfillment of an agreement. This research studies the evolution of this principle from Roman Law onwards, its support in various instruments such as the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969) and the UNIDROIT Principles (1995). In the Ecuadorian case, the aforementioned principle pacta sunt servanda is a principle classified as a constitutional norm, established in Article 424 of the Constitution, and applicable in Civil Law, but also in the field of Administrative Law. The research was conducted from a theoretical and legal perspective using historical-logical, hermeneutic, and comparative methods. It should be noted that, although this principle is binding, it is not absolute. Thus, it has limitations, such as rebus sic stantibus or the theory of unforeseen circumstances, allowing for contractual adjustments in the face of extraordinary events. Furthermore, although its status as a jus cogens norm is not supported, constant international reaffirmation would grant it its imperative character.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bryan David Díaz Álava, Marco Alexander Chininin Macanchi, Luis Alberto Santana Castro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Public integrity and accountability in the Flavio Alfaro Decentrealized Autonomous Government. Manabí – Ecuador period 2023-2024
The main objective of this study was to evaluate public integrity and accountability in the administration of the Decentralized Autonomous Government (GAD) of the Flavio Alfaro Manabí-Ecuador Canton during the 2023-2024 period, with the aim of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of administrative management. Public policies, legal bases, and current regulations related to these issues were identified, existing control mechanisms were diagnosed, and improvement strategies were proposed to strengthen institutional transparency. The research used a mixed approach, combining descriptive, documentary, and field methods through interviews and observation sheets applied to key officials from seven GAD departments. The results show progress in the implementation of integrity and transparency mechanisms, especially in procurement management and accessibility to budget information, although challenges remain in the proactive dissemination of information and citizen participation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Evelyn Elizabeth Loor Moreira, Ernesto Miguel Guevara Cubillas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Evaluation of the quality management system of COPEXTEL S.A. CORPORATION
This work was carried out with the purpose of designing a procedure for the evaluation of the Quality Management System of the COPEXTEL S.A. Corporation; which would respond to one of the goals set forth in the strategic vision of the organization to increase quality and efficiency in business activities. The proposed methodological instrument consists of stages and steps arranged in a logical and interrelated manner, which include the application of a series of methods and tools that contribute, from a practical standpoint, to diagnosing the performance of quality management in this entity; allowing for the detection of problems and deficiencies in the corresponding activities, as well as the application of indicators that enable the establishment of criteria for decision-making; redefining the functionality of responsibilities, capacities, and competencies; thus constituting a guide for perfecting work methods and enhancing improvement opportunities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Irina Heredia Cantillo, Daniel Labañino González, Víctor Norberto Pérez Ferrer, Yoedanka Rodríguez Pila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Formation of attitudes and investigating basic abilities in doctors of recent graduation: An experience from Cuba
The investigating competitions you did not sole they train the professional stops to perform at his position of effective way, rather a suitable professional turns it, that acquires especial connotation in the event of the medical profession. The objective of the study was the implementation of a strategy for the formation of attitudes and investigating basic abilities in doctors of recent graduation, for obtaining and analysis of the information used methods of the theoretic level, empiricists and statisticians themselves – mathematicians. Them, surrender they were represented in tie of double entrance and you applied over yourself McNemar's Test for the validation of the results. The population of study got conformed by 21 professionals of our services with different scales in what's administrative, teacher and helping, a general support evidenced itself to the elaboration and implementation of the strategy for part of the administrative staff, teacher and doctors recently graduated, the existence of inadequate attitudes and the lack of investigating basic abilities for part of the doctors of recent graduation were exposed besides, that got modified when applying the proposed strategy, demonstrating to be effective in the attainment of the proposed objective.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yuri Alvarez Magdariaga, Yordanis Arias Barthelemi, Ana Lidia Ford Torralba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Research trends in the determinants of efficiency in savings and credit cooperatives: Bibliometric analysis
The general objective of this study is to analyze research trends regarding the determinants of efficiency in savings and credit cooperatives (SCCs), in order to identify the main authors, institutions, countries, and emerging topics that shape this field of study. Efficiency in SCCs is a strategic aspect, as it determines the sustainability and competitiveness of these organizations, as well as their ability to simultaneously meet economic and social objectives. In this context, it is essential to have a comprehensive view that systematizes the existing literature and highlights the global dynamics of scientific production. The methodology adopted corresponds to a quantitative-descriptive approach based on a bibliometric analysis. The information was obtained from the Scopus database, selected for its broad coverage in social sciences, economics, and finance. The keywords "efficiency determinants" AND "credit unions" OR "savings and credit cooperatives" were used, covering the period 2000–2024. After a process of purging duplicate records, technical notes, and irrelevant documents, a final sample of 1,336 valid publications was obtained. The analysis was performed using R software (the bibliometrix package and its Biblioshiny interface) and complemented with graphical representations generated in Python. These tools made it possible to identify indicators of scientific productivity, the most influential authors, co-authorship networks, geographic distribution of output, and concentration by journal.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jenny Isabel Zambrano Delgado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Design of Active and Innovative Strategies to Transform Training in Nutrition and Dietetics
This article proposes designing active and innovative strategies to transform education in Nutrition and Dietetics in Cuba, overcoming the limitations of traditional methods. Through surveys of students, interviews with teachers and experts, and DAFO and CAME analysis, the strengths and weaknesses of the current educational system were evaluated. The results revealed an improvement in students' theoretical and practical understanding, highlighting the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) and the flipped classroom. However, challenges were identified, such as the lack of technological resources and the need for continuous teacher training. The article emphasizes the importance of integrating emerging technologies, training teachers in active methodologies, and the transversal inclusion of professional ethics. It recommends a comprehensive approach that includes teacher training and infrastructure improvement, tailored to the local context, to address future challenges.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yuri Belett Sedano, Yitse Dolores Hernández Blanco, Amaurys Tabares Pérez, Mileidis Quintana Polanco https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Integration of information and communications technologies (ICT): a study of their learning among students in the Dominican Republic
This study analyzes the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in secondary education in the Dominican Republic, highlighting their implications for teaching and learning. The relevance of ICT in the current educational context and the challenges faced in its implementation, particularly in terms of access and teacher training, are considered. A statistical design based on surveys administered to teachers and school administrators was applied to assess their perception of ICT use, its impact on the educational process, and existing barriers. The results show that although most teachers recognize the importance of ICT for educational success, limitations in infrastructure and student access to technological devices persist. Additionally, inconsistent teacher training is identified as an obstacle to optimal ICT utilization. It is concluded that strengthening investment in technological equipment and developing continuous training programs for educators are necessary to ensure the effective integration of ICT in secondary education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marisol del Carmen Ureña Gómez, Lida de la Caridad Sánchez Ramírez, Yury José Duany Salazar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A cross-cutting approach to motivation in teacher performance and academic achievement. A study of the Dominican context
This study examines the relationship between teacher motivation and school performance in Latin America and the Dominican Republic. It focuses on how educational, socioeconomic, and political reform contexts influence this relationship. The social problem addressed is the lack of teacher motivation and systemic limitations, which affect student learning. The study uses a mixed and transversal approach, reviewing recent research and data from the PISA Program in mathematics, science, and reading. The results indicate that educational reforms, along with teacher training and adequate resources, improve teacher performance and student achievement. Key factors include institutional support, ongoing training, and favorable working conditions. It concludes that a transversal approach and policies promoting teacher recognition are essential to improving education in the region.
Copyright (c) 2025 Moraima Miranda Isabel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Approaches by Fernando Martínez Heredia to the ideal of social emancipation in Latin America
This paper delves into the ideas on emancipation expressed in philosophical thought to highlight Fernando Martínez Heredia contributions to this issue. Research on this intellectual predominantes by analyzing his considerations regarding the transition to socialism and his contributions to critical thought. However, cognize the need to investigate his approaches to the ideal of social emancipation in Latin America and highlight his contribution to the region. The logical historical analysis and interpretation of the conceptions that serve as theoretical support for the study, together with an assessment of the behavior of the Latin American emancipation process, allowed us to identify that his proposals regarding social emancipation enrich the theoretical and practical framework that guides the construction of a new America.
Copyright (c) 2025 Irina Luisa Noblet Gaspar, Hiltrudes Casamayor Vibet, Maritza Maure López, Maribel Turro Carratalá https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Territory, memory and society: experiences of connection in the Ecuadorian Amazon
The intention of this article is to recognize the knowledge of indigenous peoples through processes of reconstruction of collective memory, within the framework of the project of connection with the Yachakuy ayllullakta society / Learning community: ancestral knowledge, knowledge and practices" of the National University of Education in Ecuador. In this sense, the theoretical dimensions of ecology of knowledge, critical interculturality and decolonial pedagogy are developed as articulating axes. Methodologically, it was supported by the systematic recording of observations and narratives from an ethnographic perspective, based on the experiences of students, teachers and members of the communities during the execution of pre-professional and linkage practices. The results highlight the importance of bringing the university closer to daily life and community knowledge, which allows contributing to the training of future teachers, not only from academic knowledge, but from contextualized and collaborative know-how.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fausto Fabricio Quichimbo Saquichagua, Luis Fernando Cevallos Landi, Erika Salomé González Suárez, Zeruyá Ochoa Quinteros https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Female leadership in public administration in the Canton Quinindé, Ecuador
his research addresses Female Leadership in the Decentralized Autonomous Government (GAD) of Quinindé, aiming to analyze the barriers and opportunities for women to access leadership positions in this institution. The methodology employed a mixed approach, including surveys and interviews with female officials from the GAD, as well as a review of institutional documents. The results reveal that structural and cultural barriers persist, limiting women's access to leadership positions, such as stereotypes and the lack of gender equality policies in the institution. Despite this, opportunities were identified to improve the situation, such as the growing awareness of gender equity at the local and national levels. The conclusions suggest the need to implement more inclusive public policies and specific training programs for women to promote equal opportunities in public administration. It is recommended to continue researching the impact of these policies and the experiences of female leadership in other GADs in Ecuador.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nayeli Ariana Loor Vera, Marie Lía Velásquez Vera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Post-pandemic public policies and their effect on members of solidarity agro-productive organizations – Amucomt, Ecuador
This study evaluates Executive Decree No. 1293's impact on 66 members of the solidarity agro-productive organization AMUCOMT in Tosagua, Manabí, Ecuador. Using a quantitative design with Likert-scale surveys, the research assessed social, economic, and policy effectiveness dimensions. Moderate improvements were observed in basic service access (M = 3.20; SD = 1.315), while vulnerable-group inclusion (M = 2.76; SD = 1.415) and social cohesion (M = 3.00; SD = 1.499) remained weak. Economically, government support for reactivation received the highest score (M = 3.18; SD = 1.487), whereas associative production incentives (M = 2.85; SD = 1.491) and technical assistance (M = 2.95; SD = 1.462) fell short. Perceived policy effectiveness hovered at or below neutral, highlighting shortcomings in communication (M = 2.92; SD = 1.385) and citizen participation (M = 2.85; SD = 1.428). Implementation proved uneven. Strengthening outreach, inclusive design, and participatory monitoring is recommended.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jorge Remberto Molina Muñoz, Berly Katherine Zambrano Zambrano, Wladimir Alexander Palacios Zurita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Evaluation of resource availability for decision-making in the solutions and technical services areas of the COPEXTEL S.A. Corporation
The present work was carried out with the purpose of designing a procedure for evaluating the material, human and technological resources demanded by the technological lines included in the service provision process of the COPEXTEL S.A. Corporation. This aims to address one of the goals set forth in the organization's strategic vision: to enhance quality and efficiency in business activities. The proposed methodological tool consists of stages and steps arranged in a logical and interrelated manner, which include the application of various methods and tools that, from a practical standpoint, contribute to diagnosing the performance of the territorial structures associated with the entity. This allows for the identification of problems and deficiencies in the corresponding activities, as well as the application of indicators that establish criteria for decision-making. These criteria redefine the functionality of responsibilities, capacities, and resource management, thereby serving as a guide for improving the working method and fostering opportunities for improvement.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fidel Yedra Gutiérrez, Javier Díaz Pozo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Overview of the theory of miscegenation: a current approach
The main category of this research is mestizaje. Associated with it are other highly significant concepts such as race, raciality, racism, and racial discrimination, among others. It represents a complex, contradictory, and above all controversial biological and sociocultural phenomenon, based on the differing opinions that can be seen in this regard. Mestizaje is revealed as a sociocultural phenomenon or reality, a process, and skin color, with specific historical and contextual characteristics, hence the varied interpretations, many of which are inconsistent. Taking into account the arguments presented, the objective is to analyze the theory of mestizaje in general, taking into account the socio-racial particularities of the current Cuban context. This reflection will facilitate a more scientific approach to a topic that has both supporters and detractors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arletty Dalés Cueva, José Luis Aguilera Amaro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Foundation of the social prevention competence in the professional training of Cuban leaders
This work proposes the foundation of social prevention as professional competence to be trained not in higher education. For this purpose, a mixed research approach is used, using analytical-synthetic, historical-logical, inductive-deductive, observation and sequential transformative design (DITRAS) methods. It develops in the field of the professional training process of Cuban leaders who are pursuing a degree in Social Sciences at the University of the Party; As for the existence of limitations, there is no thought and preventive action in the implementation of social policies based on the practical activity of political leadership and identified as a problem. The result of the research is the foundation and description of the social prevention competence in the professional training of Cuban leadership
Copyright (c) 2025 Jenny Ruiz Rodríguez, Alexis Pérez Ferrer, Jorge García Ruiz, Yuneisys Ramos Vázquez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
University outreach in rural communities in Santiago using Information and Communications Technologies (ICT)
This work proposes the foundation of social prevention as professional competence to be trained not in higher education. For this purpose, a mixed research approach is used, using analytical-synthetic, historical-logical, inductive-deductive, observation and sequential transformative design (DITRAS) methods. It develops in the field of the professional training process of Cuban leaders who are pursuing a degree in Social Sciences at the University of the Party; As for the existence of limitations, there is no thought and preventive action in the implementation of social policies based on the practical activity of political leadership and identified as a problem. The result of the research is the foundation and description of the social prevention competence in the professional training of Cuban leadership.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bárbaro Emilio González Carcassés, María Elena Pardo Gómez, José Manuel Izquierdo Lao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Analysis of the Facebook social network of the Holguín Exhibition Center
The objective of this research was to analyze the social network Facebook as a digital marketing tool, due to the importance it represents for the image projected of the Holguín Exhibition Center Company. For this, the corresponding techniques and methods were applied to carry out the relevant diagnosis of the Facebook social network in the Company. As a result, it was obtained that the Playa Blanca profile shows the most favorable results. The most affected factors are low frequency of publications, comments and shares; poor use of advertising tools; limited use of multimedia resources and no links are generated to the company's website. The characterization of the current situation is relevant to draw up future strategies for the sake of more effective Facebook management as a digital marketing tool, improve the image and increase sales of the Holguín Exhibition Center Company.
Copyright (c) 2025 Félix Díaz-Pompa, Lianet Suárez-Cuba, Marilka Iserns-Escalona, Miguel Ángel González-Infante https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Prodigia Christianorum. Proposed Study on the “Relaciones de Sucesos” of Prodigious Events Through the Polish Monster of 1624
The analysis of the “relaciones de sucesos” has engrossed the depth of historical studies to a scenario which may have been seen impossible a few decades ago. Specifically, the investigations around this kind of documents through the applying of methodological approaches and lines of study based on daily life and cultural interpretations had shed light over aspects of modern societies never considered before. Thus, the following research contribution analyses a diversity of historical texts which talk about the materialization of a monster fished in some polish river during 1624, an event which apart from its fantastical nature, it can read as an image of the current culture and mentality of modern societies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marcos Fernández García https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Human rights in Mexican companies: key to economic development
This proposal is made in order to make known the human rights that employees are entitled to by constitutional mandate and that employers are obliged to respect in companies, whether public or private, in the context that, in the eyes of the law, equality must prevail, that is, every person, whether physical or legal, must have the same defense mechanisms and opportunities to defend themselves before any legal instance, acquiring rights and obligations that will safeguard the judicial entities in the state. Before the Constitutional reform of June 10, 2011, human rights were known by other adjectives. In order to develop this topic, we must mention that the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the Universal Protection of Fundamental Human Rights, this through the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the above in the year 1948. The latter, updated to the times we live in today at the demand of society and in favor of respect for the figure of the person.
Copyright (c) 2025 Adriana del Carmen Sánchez Trinidad, María Carolina Leue Luna, Rocío Guadalupe Sosa Peña, María Teresa de Jesús Balcázar Sosa, Rosa del Carmen Sánchez Trinidad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Daniela Catrileo's archive in Chilco: language, displacement, and the Mapuche worldview
This paper proposes an approach to the configuration of the archive in Daniela Catrileo's novel Chilco (2023), with the aim of analyzing the Mapuche archive as a space of tension, where the recovery of ancestral memory confronts the persistent marks of colonialism. Materials and methods: In our analysis, we employ, from a critical reading, the notions about the archive proposed by Jacques Derrida in his study Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression and by Achille Mbembe in “The Power of the Archive and Its Limits.” Results: The results revealed, through literary fiction, the impossibility of configuring an “authentic” Mapuche archive that is not permeated by colonial influence. Discussion: In the novel, the Mapuche writer proposes an alternative archive that attempts to challenge the selective violence of the dominant archive, and to this end articulates a duality between hegemonic and counter-hegemonic archives. Conclusions: Faced with a narrative structure that shows the representation of the archive in tension, the Mapuche archive stands as incomplete and fractured, impossible to configure as “authentic” because it is permeated by colonial structures.This paper proposes an approach to the configuration of the archive in Daniela Catrileo's novel Chilco (2023), with the aim of analyzing the Mapuche archive as a space of tension, where the recovery of ancestral memory confronts the persistent marks of colonialism. Materials and methods: In our analysis, we employ, from a critical reading, the notions about the archive proposed by Jacques Derrida in his study Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression and by Achille Mbembe in “The Power of the Archive and Its Limits.” Results: The results revealed, through literary fiction, the impossibility of configuring an “authentic” Mapuche archive that is not permeated by colonial influence. Discussion: In the novel, the Mapuche writer proposes an alternative archive that attempts to challenge the selective violence of the dominant archive, and to this end articulates a duality between hegemonic and counter-hegemonic archives. Conclusions: Faced with a narrative structure that shows the representation of the archive in tension, the Mapuche archive stands as incomplete and fractured, impossible to configure as “authentic” because it is permeated by colonial structures.This paper proposes an approach to the configuration of the archive in Daniela Catrileo's novel Chilco (2023), with the aim of analyzing the Mapuche archive as a space of tension, where the recovery of ancestral memory confronts the persistent marks of colonialism. Materials and methods: In our analysis, we employ, from a critical reading, the notions about the archive proposed by Jacques Derrida in his study Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression and by Achille Mbembe in “The Power of the Archive and Its Limits.” Results: The results revealed, through literary fiction, the impossibility of configuring an “authentic” Mapuche archive that is not permeated by colonial influence. Discussion: In the novel, the Mapuche writer proposes an alternative archive that attempts to challenge the selective violence of the dominant archive, and to this end articulates a duality between hegemonic and counter-hegemonic archives. Conclusions: Faced with a narrative structure that shows the representation of the archive in tension, the Mapuche archive stands as incomplete and fractured, impossible to configure as “authentic” because it is permeated by colonial structures.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alejandra Ferrer Cairo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Generation Zero in Cuba: The Emergence of its Discursive Stance as an Expression of the Crisis of Meaning
Generation Zero is a literary-artistic phenomenon that emerged in the Cuban literary context in the 2000s. Initially associated with a group of narrators, the notion later extended to other genres and artistic manifestations, supported by common characteristics highlighted by critics in the sociological sphere. This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach that, based on the bibliographic review of the concepts of generation and crisis of meaning, seeks to explain the literary production of Generation Zero as an expression of crisis of meaning. The discourse analysis applied to the poetry published between 2000 and 2019 revealed the discursive stances towards literature that link authors and authors as a literary generation. These stances are the result of the social situation in which they participated from 1990, during their adolescence, at a time of economic crisis known in Cuba as the "Special Period in Times of Peace". The study perspective, centered on the relationship between literature and society, highlights that Generation Zero has led changes that have dynamized the Cuban literary field and impacted the social project of the nation
Copyright (c) 2025 Yansy Sánchez Fernández https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Parental stress in hospital contexts: case study in pediatric patients
This research aimed to analyze parental stress in hospital settings in pediatric patients at the University of Navarra Clinic (Pamplona – Spain). Specific questionnaires were applied such as the Stress Scale in Mothers in Intensive Care and the Pre-Surgical Concerns Questionnaire. The results showed that the physical appearance of the child and medical treatments were the main stress factors in parents, especially in the case of the mother, who experienced high levels of anxiety due to her son’s deterioration. Despite trust in the medical staff, uncertainty about the evolution of the disease intensified family stress. In conclusion, the findings show the need for psychological support strategies for parents of hospitalized children, in order to strengthen their resilience and improve their emotional well-being in prolonged hospital settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Julissa Anaya Espinoza, Gisela Herreras Gutiérrez, Delia Ayala Esquivel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Elicitation techniques in the construction of family memory: an analysis from photography
The photo-elicitation technical sheet is a valuable tool for the recovery, interpretation and preservation of family memory, as it allows the construction of meaningful stories from inherited photographs, identifying aspects such as the temporal and spatial context, the identification of people and their visual environment. In a study carried out with 15 photography students through the registration of sheets and 5 interview questions. The results show that through the photo-elicitation technical sheet, four generations were identified on the maternal side, while only three were identified on the paternal side, generating a feeling of sadness due to the lack of visual records of the grandparents. The absence of photographs provokes nostalgia, highlighting the importance of preserving these memories for future generations. In conclusion, this technique strengthens the intergenerational connection and highlights the value of documenting family history to keep the legacy alive.
Copyright (c) 2025 Américo Pillaca-Marquina, Angel Mendoza-Palomino, José Romero-Quintanilla, Angel Aronés-Cisneros https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Application of artificial intelligence based on the processing and representation of statistical data
The research aimed to explore the application of ChatGPT artificial intelligence in the RStudio environment to simplify the processing and representation of statistical data. An Excel file was used with nine variables, such as sex, age, education level, BMI, weekly work hours, and heights of parents and children, organized in columns for easy manipulation. Through codes generated by ChatGPT, various visualizations were created, including bar graphs, histograms, dispersion, lines, circular, box and whisker diagrams, and Gaussian bells. These visualizations allowed the identification of key patterns and correlations, such as the relationship between age and demographic characteristics, and the presence of outliers. In conclusion, the combination of ChatGPT and RStudio proved to be an efficient tool for the automated generation of graphics, improving accuracy and efficiency in data analysis and interpretation, as well as optimizing time in the creation of visual representations that enrich the understanding of information.
Copyright (c) 2025 Angel Aronés-Cisneros, Cynthya Alegre Palomino, Rocío Aronés-Cisneros, Leticia Tapia Oré, Joel Colquehuanca Solis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Beyond testimony: an aesthetic-political intervention from the margins in the work Quarto de despejo. Diary of a woman who was hungry, by Carolina María de Jesús
This article examines Carolina María de Jesús's Quarto despejo. Diario de una mujer que estaba hambre (1963) as a work that transcends the testimonial genre to become an aesthetic-political intervention. The study focuses on how a Black woman, a single mother living in favela, manages, through diary writing, to question the hierarchies of race, gender, and class in mid-20th-century Brazil and its subsequent reception. The main objective is to analyze how the author redefines testimony as an act of authorship and resistance, destabilizing the parameters of the literary canon. The hypothesis is that her diary not only documents poverty but also validates the production of knowledge from the margins, anticipating contemporary debates on subalternity and Black Feminism. The study concludes that Carolina María de Jesús's narrative, its subsequent silencing, and its reinterpretation by the Marginal Literature Movement and Black Feminism reveal the persistence of structural racism and the political power of subaltern voices.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lisbeth Lima Hechavarría https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Ancestral Spondylus: Power, Fertility, and Mysticism. Symbolic Persistences in the Spirituality of Santa Elena, Ecuador
In the province of Santa Elena, Spondylus plays a diverse and complex role within sociocultural, ritual, and symbolic practices, intertwining elements of fertility, power, and mysticism. This marine mollusk is valued for its rarity and oceanic origin, forming part of a network of meanings that position it as a mediator between the human world and intangible forces. The objective of this study was to analyze the ritual uses and symbolic significance of Spondylus in ancestral communities and to contrast these with its current reinterpretations. A qualitative methodology with an ethnographic-hermeneutic orientation was employed, based on interviews with ritual leaders and participant observation during contemporary ceremonies held in the peninsula. The results show that Spondylus continues to be an object of exclusive use in ritual contexts, regulated by spiritual hierarchies and knowledge transmitted across generations. Its presence in these ceremonies reaffirms its multifunctional nature and centrality in the local symbolic system. The study concludes that its current use reflects a resilient and adaptive spiritual logic that seeks to preserve ancestral knowledge in the face of commodification and the loss of meaning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rocio Graciela Drouet Alfonzo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Screens, stereotypes and gender gaps: a critical look at ICTs in the student experience at the Universidad de Oriente (Cuba)
The article examined how the daily use of information and communication technologies in the university environment contributed to the reproduction and reinforcement of gender stereotypes, based on research conducted at the Universidad de Oriente, Cuba. The main objective was to identify the students' perceptions of gender violence in digital environments, as well as the ways in which these practices are naturalized in academic and social life. To this end, a questionnaire developed by the Gender and Society Chair was applied, which allowed the collection of quantitative and qualitative data from a cross-cutting gender approach. The results showed persistent expressions of digital control, objectification and symbolic violence, especially towards women and non-heteronormative people. Likewise, there was little critical awareness of these issues, which reinforces their normalization in everyday university life. The research revealed the urgency of promoting training actions, institutional strategies and regulatory frameworks that address gender inequalities in the digital environment from a feminist and social justice perspective. These findings allow us to affirm that equitable access to ICTs is not enough; it is essential to transform the symbolic and cultural structures that sustain digital violence in order to move towards a more inclusive university.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kirenia Chaveco Asin, María Julia Jimenez Fiol, Omar David Córdoba Chaveco https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Ethical content of Francisco Vicente Aguilera's political thought. Guidelines for a study in the current Cuban context
19th-century Cuban thought finds prominent representatives in its independence-minded patriots, including Francisco Vicente Aguilera (1821-1877). Ethical studies of this historical figure have emphasized his individual moral system, but on a theoretical level, the humanist ethical foundation of his reflections -rooted in concepts such as justice, equality, dignity, and others- has not been thoroughly explored. This article aims to address this gap. It demonstrates that the ideas of this patriot emerged from the historical context of his life and contributed significantly to the nation’s ethical discourse.
Copyright (c) 2025 Liliana Alarcón Vázquez, Alisa Natividad Delgado Tornés, Lídice Duany Destrade https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Impact of production linkages on regional economic growth
The purpose of this research work is to make theoretical reflections aimed at specifying the importance of productive linkages for regional economic growth. By identifying common characteristics in these linkages, it is possible to define elements of analysis that will make it possible to enhance this growth. Its realization implies understanding the dynamics of these linkages, which is achieved through an exhaustive process of literature review and then entering a phase that involves processing the information and subsequently analyzing it. The results indicate that these linkages become drivers of productivity growth by generating synergies between business organizations in the same or different sectors, as a result of the strategic agreements reached in terms of price negotiation, knowledge transfer, joint market access, among others. Finally, we conclude by stressing the importance of integrating public and private sector actors such as business development institutions, government authorities, economic associations and others, in order to accelerate the creation and strengthening of the value chains resulting from these integration processes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anibal Montiel Ensuncho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Methodological guide for evaluating learning in the virtual teaching-learning environment
Currently, Virtual Teaching and Learning Environments offer a wide variety of learning assessment resources and tools that teachers can use; however, at the Dr. Antonio Núñez Jiménez University of Moa, these resources are not being adequately utilized. This is especially true for providing consultations, clarifying doubts, tutoring, and discussing topics of interest to the subject, among other essential elements that foster an active and participatory dynamic in professional development. This work aims to enhance faculty performance in assessing student learning in the Moodle Virtual Teaching-Learning Environment at the Dr. Antonio Núñez Jiménez University of Moa through self-improvement, supported by a methodological guide. This positively impacts the teaching-learning process of the aforementioned institution's professionals.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yadira Romero Rodríguez, José Luis Montero O' Farrill, María Elena Pardo Gómez, José Manuel Izquierdo Lao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Didactic proposal to promote the contents of nutrional sovereignty and education plan
urrently, the Food Security Plan in the Education sector aims to raise awareness among students about the importance of food production. The research aims to develop a complementary program to promote the appropriation of the contents of the Food Sovereignty and Nutrition Education Plan among lower secondary school students. Scientific methods were used at the theoretical level: analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction; and at the empirical level: observation, interviews, surveys, and the statistical-mathematical method: percentage calculation. The implementation of the complementary program led to transformations in students' understanding of the contents of the Food Sovereignty and Nutrition Education Plan, the acquisition of basic skills for growing vegetables, condiments, and medicinal plants, and habits for maintaining proper hygiene when consuming these foods. The results achieved are reflected in the students' actions based on their awareness of Food Sovereignty and Security, as revealed in the social and environmental impact.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anieska Bazán Delgado, Geomaris Callis López, Sheila Erminda Despaigne Bazán, Yaritza Tissert Debrosse https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Determining factors of living conditions among older adults in the Vinicio Yagual neighborhood, Salinas canton from Ecuador
The present study has the objective of determining the factors that influence the quality of life of older adults. This research had a quantitative design, using a literature review and a descriptive approach. The sample was selected through a census of 96 older adults. The instrument used to collect primary information was a survey. The results obtained indicate that, based on statistics, older adults' perception of overall quality of life and domains shows better performance in psychological health, environmental factors, and physical health, while social relationships are below average. In conclusion, there are four factors that determine the living conditions of older adults in the Vinicio Yagual neighborhood of the Salinas canton, as established by the OMS: physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environmental factors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Diana Elizabeth Del Pezo Rodríguez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Symbolic violence and habitus. Re-signification of the human being in the context of social reproduction from the perspective of Pierre Bourdieu
The context of violence that is currently evident in the media exceeds the rationality and institutionality of all spheres of society. Bourdieu refers to this theme as symbolic violence, which has been naturalized through habitus; that is to say, the system of durable and transferable dispositions structured structures, predisposed to function as structuring structures that reproduce the condition of the human being, the constant overexposure of this to inappropriate and replicated conditions produces its degradation, suggests a resignification of this. In order not to repeat the cycle of violence in the social fabric. The research presents a mixed approach: qualitative-quantitative, based on the descriptive method, the technique for data collection; the interview and the survey, whose results show that violence has a structural characteristic, and that the greatest reproducers of this is the family, particularly in cases in which the individual has been subjected to violence. So, if a paradigmatic change is not promoted that contributes to the redefinition of the human being, violence can increase at exponential levels.
Copyright (c) 2025 Benjamín Wilson León-Valle, Katty Maricela Vera Meza, José Israel Luna Encarnación https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Assertive Communication and Public Relations Management in the GAD of Santa Elena: An Analysis from the Public Organizational Perspective
This study analyzes the influence of assertive communication on public relations management within the local public organizational sphere. Using a qualitative approach and a phenomenological design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five strategic actors: communication department officials, a public relations specialist, a journalist, a community leader, and a citizen. The results reveal that, although the importance of clarity, coherence, and empathy in strengthening ties with citizens is recognized, its application lacks planning and defined protocols. Identified barriers include the absence of audience segmentation, outdated information, limited promotion of participatory spaces, and the lack of crisis management protocols. Furthermore, there is an urgent need for the professionalization and continuous training of the communication team. The study concludes that implementing assertive strategies integrated into institutional planning is key to improving communication effectiveness, public trust, and citizen participation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Emily Andrea Ramírez Rodríguez, Paola Elizabeth Cortez Clavijo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Methodologhy for managing and assessing the impact of scientific events, through an academic lens
Scientific events are essential for the dissemination of knowledge, collaboration, and innovation. However, their impact assessment is often superficial, limited to logistical and participation aspects, without adequately addressing their academic and scientific value. This article critically analyzes the management and evaluation of the impact of these events from a rigorous academic perspective. The main objective is to determine methodological guidelines for developing a practical and effective tool for scientific event organizers, researchers, and professionals interested in the evaluation and continuous improvement of the quality of scientific events from an academic perspective. Theoretical methods, such as historical-logical and analysis-synthesis, and empirical methods, such as participant observation, interviews with managers and participants, and documentary analysis, were employed. Experts in scientific management were also consulted. A system of indicators for evaluating impact is proposed, based on methodological guidelines that guide the conception, planning, design, development, and execution of events. The importance of aligning event management with institutional academic objectives is highlighted, integrating activities into the curriculum, promoting collaboration, and facilitating feedback on the quality of the research presented. A comprehensive assessment of the impact of scientific events requires a methodological framework that combines quantitative and qualitative indicators, considering dimensions such as research impact, collaboration, professional development, and knowledge dissemination. There is a gap in the literature regarding approaches that integrate event management with institutional academic objectives. Rigorous evaluation of the impact of scientific events is crucial to maximizing their academic and scientific value. A methodological framework that integrates quantitative and qualitative indicators, along with management aligned with institutional objectives, allows for improved planning, organization, and impact of these events. There is a clear need to advance the development of indicator systems that contribute to raising standards of quality and excellence in scholarly communication.
Copyright (c) 2025 Daylín Salina Pérez, Adaris Parada Ulloa, Alexander Gorina Zánchez, Lidia de las Mercedes Ferrer Tellez, Yamilka Pérez Joa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Clinical-epidemiological approach to healthcare-associated infections in critically ill and severely ill infants
Scientific An observational, descriptive, and prospective study was conducted on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of infants with Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) in the Multipurpose Intensive Care Unit of the Juan de la Cruz Martínez Maceira Provincial Teaching Children's Hospital North, in Santiago de Cuba, from October 1, 2019, to September 30, 2021. Of the 30 diagnosed patients, 63.3 % were under 3 months of age, with a predominance of females (56.7 %). Ineffective breastfeeding and malnutrition predominated as risk factors, with 83.3 % and 66.6 %, respectively. Ventilator-associated pneumonia was diagnosed in 83.3 % of cases, followed by urinary tract infection in 6.7 %. All patients underwent a high-risk invasive procedure, deep venous access. According to the microbiological isolation, Gram-negative bacteria predominated, representing 83.3% of the cases. Enterobacter were the most prevalent microorganisms, followed by Klebsiella and Escherichia coli in 12 %, 6 %, and 5 %, respectively. A stay of more than 8 days increased the risk of infection for 56.7% of diagnosed patients. The outcome was favorable, with 100 % of infants being discharged alive.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bethel Laura Romero León https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Title surgical treatment of cataracts in an adult. Case report
Scientific Introduction: Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide, accounting for approximately 48 % of all cases of this visual condition. Most of these cases are linked to factors related to advanced age, which means that there are currently no effective methods available to prevent their development or onset in affected individuals. Considering the fact that our population is gradually and steadily aging, there is no doubt that the prevalence of this problem and its relevance as an important public health issue will remain significant over time. Thanks to significant advances in various areas related to ophthalmic surgery, such as preoperative assessment, anesthesia techniques, the quality of surgical instruments, innovations in intraocular lens technology, and phacoemulsification methodologies, this surgery has evolved considerably. Clinical case: A 26-year-old male patient diagnosed with cataracts was reported with chronic decreased visual acuity in his right eye for several months. Conclusion: Cataracts are one of the most significant causes of vision loss worldwide, affecting millions of people in various parts of the world. However, it is important to note that these visual conditions are also treatable, and medical interventions can be performed to help restore vision in those who suffer from them.
Copyright (c) 2025 José Antonio Crespo Beltrán, Katherine Solange Beltrán Parreño, Fabiola Anabel Estrada Paucar, Dayanna Yamirle Eras Palta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Operational Limitations and Cultural Challenges in the Implementation of the MAYDAY Procedure. The Case of the Benemérito Fire Department of Salinas, Ecuador
The analysis of emergency management protocols, such as those established by the NFPA 1407 standard, reveals structural and operational gaps in fire departments with limited capacities. This study examines the case of the Benemérito Fire Department of Salinas (BCBS), located in the province of Santa Elena, responsible for handling complex emergencies in an expanding urban and tourist environment. The objective was to analyze the operational limitations and technical deficiencies faced by the BCBS in implementing the MAYDAY procedure in accordance with international standards.A descriptive methodology with a mixed approach was applied, using semi-structured interviews, structured surveys, and participant observation during drills. The results showed a partial implementation of the procedure, hindered by shortcomings in training, lack of written protocols, technological weaknesses, and limited capacity building.The main conclusion highlights that the effective implementation of MAYDAY does not rely solely on material resources but also on cultural, regulatory, and organizational factors that need to be aligned with high operational reliability standards. Strengthening these aspects is recommended to optimize the safety of operational personnel, improve the institutional response capacity, and consolidate an organizational culture oriented toward prevention and resilience.
Copyright (c) 2025 Christian Daniel Ramírez Becerra, Javier Astudillo Gómez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The properties of medicinal plants attributed by the herbalists of the San Roque market in Quito, Ecuador: a cultural legacy
Knowledge about medicinal plants has been very important to humans since ancient times. Today, they are used as both a medicinal and commercial resource. In Ecuador, their ancestry can be found among indigenous populations, in their traditional cultural practices, although they are used by pharmaceutical companies. Many medicinal herbs are sold in the public market of San Roque, Quito, Ecuador, where dynamic economic activity and a complex system of interactions are evident. The study allowed for an understanding of power relations, intercultural implications, and the policies arising from the case. The methodology was based on a qualitative approach that considered various variables, including medicinal plants, their properties, their capacity to generate income, and the attributes incorporated as use values by the herbalists (sellers). Decoloniality constituted a basic methodological principle that served as a guide for the analysis of the scientific results. Hence, the objective of this work is to determine the properties of medicinal plants attributed by the herbalists of the San Roque market in Quito, Ecuador, as a key resource for the healing of diseases, commercial, intercultural, and decolonial.
Copyright (c) 2025 Laura Carmen González Carranza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
This article aims to analyze the concept of socialization based on its fundamental arguments to establish a more integrative theoretical construct, which constitutes the main result. Sociology has approached socialization through four essential arguments: learning based on an existing order; the influence of the environment and the role of socialization agencies; the interaction between individuals in the development of competencies; and the emergence of a self-eco-organization of social reality, in which learning presupposes internalization-externalization. A qualitative methodology based on document analysis was employed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Oseiby Rivera Dominguez, Omar Guzmán Miranda, Tamara Caballero Rodríguez, Armida Concepción-García https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Coffee as a symbol of cultural identity in rural communities.A study from the Cuban context
One of the most fascinating topics for research on Cuban history is coffee. This crop not only plays a crucial role in the national economy but is also a fundamental part of Cuban culture and identity, both in terms of tangible and intangible heritage. Coffee is considered one of the country's most important treasures, although its production requires considerable effort due to the island's ecological conditions. Coffee cultivation is a task that requires skill and experience, as the different phases of the agricultural process must be mastered to obtain high-quality beans. This knowledge is transmitted empirically, based on practice and the transmission of knowledge from generation to generation. The objective of this study is to analyze cultural practices related to coffee cultivation in the Felicidad community, located in the Yateras municipality, Guantánamo province. The qualitative and quantitative research was conducted using the ethnographic method, drawing on the testimonies of producers, family members, and rural workers. The results show that coffee not only connects producing communities through trade, but also fosters harmonious coexistence among different social actors
Copyright (c) 2025 Yousy Baby Ramírez, Roly Auccatoma Tinco, Mirtha Yanina Coronado Cárdenas, Sonia Beatriz Munaris Parco https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Historical itinerary of the cultural extension work at the Universidad de Oriente (1947-1959)
Extension constitutes the catalyzing function of the university's links with society. At the University of Oriente, the work of cultural extension in the period from 1947 to 1958 was aimed at promoting the improvement of the student's extracurricular education to contribute to their comprehensive training, and at projecting the university outside the walls. This article analyzes the milestones of this cultural extension work through three moments: from 1947 to 1952, beginning, specialization and consolidation; from 1952 to 1958, increase and expansion; taking into account: historical conditions; the objectives and activities carried out, and their results
Copyright (c) 2025 Rafael Angel Borges Betancourt https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Critical analysis of the letter “Reaction versus Revolution” by Raúl Roa to Jorge Mañach. A study from the Cuban context
The article is part of a doctoral research on the philosophical thought of Raúl Roa García, a Cuban intellectual of the 20th century. It evaluates his letter “Reaction versus Revolution” addressed to Jorge Mañach Robato, framed within a dispute between irreconcilable currents: phenomenology, existentialism, and perspectivism (Mañach) versus Marxism-Leninism and Martian thought (Roa). As a result, it is evident that Mañach, despite his culture and revolutionary stances, did not transcend the ideological limits of his social class, preventing his adherence to the proletarian cause. The analysis confirms an irreconcilable philosophical confrontation, where Roa`s response consolidates an ethical, revolutionary, and materialist-dialectical stance in favor of Marxism
Copyright (c) 2025 Estela Rodríguez Garcés https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
This article analyzes strategies proposed by various theorists to address thermal comfort within a building's architectural spaces by leveraging the site's climatic and topographical conditions. The optimization of natural resources is the guiding principle of bioclimatic architecture, and the implementation of these strategies results in a better quality of life for individuals and societies. Currently, the problems generated by the maximization of natural resources for construction make us architects responsible for raising awareness and generating environmentally friendly projects. We should mention that currently in Mexico, there is a lack of regulatory enforcement regarding the optimization of natural resources in construction. Therefore, this article discusses these bioclimatic strategies and the actors involved in bioclimatic architecture in Mexico
Copyright (c) 2025 Román Cabral Correa, Jorge Luis Acuña Espinosa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Revisión de la gestión de variables contingentes y la competitividad del sector textil en Colombia
The textile industry stands out in the economy for its importance in generating employment, boosting supply and demand in different associated economic sectors, and contributing to GDP. Since the competitiveness indicator is the index that allows monitoring the ability of companies to remain in the market, the study of good practices for managing variables that favor competitiveness levels is essential. Therefore, this review manuscript arises as a result of research aimed at analyzing, systematizing, and integrating the results obtained in different scientific publications on the management of contingent variables and the competitiveness of the textile sector. The methodology used corresponds to a systematic review of scientific articles on the subject based on a search equation and manual selection criteria. The main objective is to categorize the main contingent variables that must be managed to increase the competitiveness of the textile sector. Among the main results, the description of new approaches and academic developments in this important sector of the economy stands out, as well as the categorization of manageable contingent variables in the face of increased competitiveness in the textile sector. Considering the theoretical and practical results obtained in the literature review, these results are expressed in a current reality tree and prerequisites as analytical tools based on the theory of constraints for their application in strategic business analysis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juliana Carolina Farfán Rodríguez, Mayiris Mayo Ríos, Feibert Alirio Guzmán Pérez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Intelligent System Applied to Electronic Waste Recycling with Big Data and IoT: A Case Study in Recycling Companies of Medellín
The The main objective of this article is to observe the characteristics and challenges in the use of emerging technologies such as Big Data and the Internet of Things (IoT) in relation to electronic waste recycling systems in three recycling companies in the city of Medellín. This is done using a qualitative multi-case study methodology (Stake, 1995). The sources of information used are structured into three models: three (3) semi-structured interviews with management personnel, thirty (30) surveys of operational personnel, and direct observation of the three (3) selected companies. This data collection was established in accordance with strict ethical principles, confidentiality clauses, and informed consent. In the data collection phase, 100% of the estimated sample was achieved. This information demonstrates the total coverage of the qualitative tools, guaranteeing the analytical depth and reliability of the findings. The results reflect a low implementation of emerging technologies, all within the framework of rudimentary recycling processes, high costs, low training in technological issues, and regulatory and legal gaps in Colombia. However, positive aspects were identified that offer a more encouraging outlook in terms of technological innovation, which could lead to improvements in the operational and administrative efficiency of organizations dedicated to e-waste recycling. The information presented was structured and analyzed using open and axial categorization procedures (Strauss & Corbin, 2002), achieving criteria of theoretical saturation and validity through triangulation (Hernández-Sampieri, Fernández-Collado, & Baptista-Lucio, 2014). Based on the results obtained, we suggest implementing a management model that leverages emerging technologies, integrating IoT sensors, cloud storage, and predictive algorithm tools (Big Data, AI), which would improve the efficiency of processes related to route traceability, collection, and classification of electronic waste. The use of a model from this perspective would establish the starting point in the local circular economy in relation to the operational management of electronic waste, but with significant potential for implementation at the regional level.
Copyright (c) 2025 Luis Carlos Quintero Botero https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Comprehensive water security management: diagnosis, challenges, and multisectoral alternatives for sustainable use of the resource
The research aimed to analyze the water situation in the department of Ica (Perù), identifying the factors that exacerbate water scarcity and proposing integrated sustainable management strategies. A mixed approach was used, combining qualitative and quantitative methods: semi-structured interviews with officials, specialists, and users, as well as surveys conducted with 295 people from urban and rural areas. The study revealed that water scarcity in Ica constitutes a structural problem exacerbated by the overexploitation of aquifers, weak water infrastructure, and limited institutional coordination. Stakeholders agreed on the urgent need to promote joint solutions, such as artificial aquifer recharge, wastewater reuse, control of illegal wells, and modernization of irrigation canals. It was concluded that water security in Ica requires participatory and multisectoral governance, where the State, businesses, and civil society share responsibilities to ensure equitable and sustainable access to water in the face of the effects of climate change.
Copyright (c) 2025 César Adrian Labeguerre Nakada, Gloria Inés Barboza Palomino, Leticia Tapia-Oré https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Eastern Europe in Santiago magazine. Socialist internationalism or cultural Sovietization?
Este estudio analiza la difusión de la producción espiritual de Europa del Este en Santiago. Revista de la Universidad de Oriente entre 1970 y 1979, con el objetivo de determinar si esta práctica respondía a un internacionalismo socialista o a un proceso de "sovietización" cultural. La metodología consistió en un análisis bibliométrico de los títulos, autores y áreas temáticas publicados. Los resultados principales muestran que los materiales de Europa del Este representaron solo el 20% del total de autores extranjeros publicados, sin predominio absoluto de la URSS y con una notable presencia de otros países como la RDA. La difusión fue diversa en el orden temático (estética, semiótica, estudios literarios) y no desplazó la producción de otras regiones. Se concluye que la revista reflejó una relación cultural compleja y diversa con el socialismo europeo, más alineada con el internacionalismo que con una "sovietización" homogeneizadora.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yeniselis González Mederos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Preliminary assessment of training needs for the management of science and socio-educational innovation in Santiago de Cuba
This work is the result of the research project: Training of Science and Socio-Educational Innovation Managers for the Territorial Development of Santiago de Cuba. This project aims to contribute to the solution of the problem: Inadequacies in the training process of those involved in science and socio-educational innovation management in Santiago de Cuba, to generate the desired transformations in different contexts. The project began with a preliminary assessment of the training potential and needs of government, educational, and community decision-makers for this management, a result presented in this article. The methodological approach provided a theoretical basis for the results, as well as the development and implementation of surveys and interviews. The results reveal inadequacies in the identification of socio-educational problems and needs in the territory, which in turn limits the development of concrete strategies and actions to address them through science management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Irela Margarita Paz Dominguez, Alexis Céspedes Quiala, Glenda Roque Ramos, Ana Mirtha Carrión Menéndez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Work of the Spencer school and its commission, in the preservation of Martí's ideology
The Spencer Public School No.3 in Santiago de Cuba played a fundamental role in the dissemination and preservation of Martí's ideology during the Bourgeois Republic. But it will be the fervent efforts of the teachers of this school for a dignified tomb for the Apostle and the founding of the Pro Martí Commission that will catapult them to the most glorious pages of the local history of Santiago. Hence, the objective of this article is to: Explain the involvement of the teachers and students of the Spencer School and their commission in activities linked to the preservation of Martí's ideology and the worthy tribute to it. For a correct study of the process, it is necessary to use methods such as historical-logical methods that allow us to glimpse the historical course of said institution in carrying out activities that aim to preserve Martí's ideas. Which made it possible to define the work of the school and its commission in three fundamental stages, from its foundation in 1905 to 1959, the year that marks the end of the educational work of the school. Highlighting the leading role of the school and its commission in the preservation of Martí's ideology in Santiago de Cuba.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arnaldo Alfredo Delgado Fernández https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The management of community cultural development: Empirical-conceptual dimensions for its analysis
The cultural development of communities involves several aspects, the analysis and management of which require a comprehensive approach. Neglecting any of its inherent dimensions risks failing to exploit the potential of these processes to promote the transformation of communities, based on the endogenous mobilisation of local administrations and resources and the proactive participation of citizens. Based on the articulations between public policies, academia and the community, and on the theoretical and methodological proposals that form the basis of the socio-educational dimension of cultural management, this article provides a conceptual and operational framework for the analysis of the management of the cultural development of communities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Beatriz Drake Tapia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Music with the face of a haitian woman: symbols of cultural resistance in Camagüey
The work values the participation of women of Haitian descent in music as symbols of cultural resistance. The context in which it is carried out is the city of Camagüey, which, starting in 1907, received a notable emigration of Haitians. The musical-dance expressions of the emigrants were preserved by groups such as Caidije, Bonito Patuá, and Desandann, where women have had the greatest role in perpetuating the ancestral legacy and transmitting it to new generations through their roles as singers, percussionists, dancers, and instructors. Based on interviews with testimonies, observation, and documentary review, it is stated that the gender perspective and visibility of these women have been little explored in musicological studies. The article highlights the need to demonstrate that Haitian women have historically been defenders of their identities through dance and music.
Copyright (c) 2025 Heidy Cepero Recoder, Pavel Revelo Alvarez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0