Sugar and Power: The Spanish –Cuban oligarchy in Santiago de Cuba (1787-1867)

Abstract

The research offers a characterization of the Hispano-Cuban sugar oligarchy of Santiago de Cuba between 1787 and 1867, highlighting its economic power sustained by diversified production: sugar mills, coffee plantations, mines, and other sectors. Its close relationship with the colonial authorities allowed them to obtain noble titles and hold important political positions, thereby consolidating their influence in the public life of the city. The study relies on a descriptive methodology with a chronological and qualitative approach, employing the methods of analysis-synthesis, historical-logical reasoning, and documentary review, which made it possible to triangulate information and provide a coherent vision of the phenomenon. The results show that, although little studied by national and local historiography, this elite implemented strategies for permanence such as investment in education and cultural patronage, while transferring capital abroad in an openly anti-national stance. Their wealth was sustained by slave exploitation, including ties with slave traders such as Antonio López y López del Castillo, shaping nineteenth-century society according to their private interests.