José Martí orders the return to Cuba. A historical approach to the second commission carried out by Gerardo A. Castellanos Lleonart

Abstract

The founding of the Cuban Revolutionary Party (PRC) by José Martí in 1892 marked a new stage in the independence struggle against Spanish colonialism. From its inception, the organization faced obstacles such as Iberian espionage, the influence of the Liberal Autonomist Party, and the need to unify Cuban emigrant groups. One of the most complex tasks was the creation of party cells within Cuba, entrusted to commissioners like Gerardo A. Castellanos Lleonart, who between 1892 and 1894 carried out missions to prevent premature uprisings. The objective of this research is to analyze his second commission, which remains little studied in Cuban historiography. The study employed theoretical methods (historical-logical, inductive-deductive, analytical-synthetic, informative-qualitative, chronological, and hermeneutic) and empirical methods (documentary analysis). The results highlight Castellanos’s relevance in consolidating Martí’s project. It is concluded that his work strengthened the revolutionary organization and enriches perspectives on Cuba’s emancipation process.