Promoción del empleo de egresados de universidades públicas: una revisión sistemática
Palabras clave:
Empleabilidad; egresados universitarios; universidades públicas; inserción laboral; revisión sistemática.Resumen
La inserción laboral de los egresados de universidades públicas constituye un desafío crítico para los sistemas de educación superior, especialmente en contextos de economías en desarrollo. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo analizar la evidencia científica disponible sobre las estrategias de promoción del empleo de egresados de universidades públicas, identificando factores que facilitan u obstaculizan la empleabilidad y las intervenciones institucionales más efectivas. Siguiendo la metodología PRISMA, se analizaron 48 artículos indexados en Scopus y Web of Science publicados entre 2015 y 2025. Los resultados indican que la empleabilidad es un constructo multidimensional influenciado por factores individuales, institucionales y contextuales. Las estrategias más efectivas incluyen: colaboraciones universidad-empresa para prácticas profesionales, servicios de orientación profesional, formación en competencias transversales, redes de egresados, fomento del emprendimiento y sistemas de seguimiento de egresados. Las universidades públicas enfrentan barreras estructurales como la rigidez burocrática y limitaciones de autonomía. Se concluye que se requiere un enfoque holístico que integre intervenciones curriculares, extracurriculares y de política pública.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2026 Karina Mariela Solano Farías
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