Promoção do emprego de egressos de universidades públicas: uma revisão sistemática
Palavras-chave:
Empregabilidade; egressos universitários; universidades públicas; inserção laboral; revisão sistemática.Resumo
A inserção laboral dos egressos de universidades públicas constitui um desafio crítico para os sistemas de educação superior, particularmente em contextos de economias em desenvolvimento. Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo analisar as evidências científicas disponíveis sobre as estratégias de promoção do emprego de egressos de universidades públicas, identificando fatores que facilitam ou dificultam a empregabilidade e as intervenções institucionais mais efetivas. Seguindo a metodologia PRISMA, foram analisados 48 artigos indexados na Scopus e Web of Science publicados entre 2015 e 2025. Os resultados indicam que a empregabilidade é um construto multidimensional influenciado por fatores individuais, institucionais e contextuais. As estratégias mais efetivas incluem: colaborações universidade-empresa para estágios profissionais, serviços de orientação profissional, formação em competências transversais, redes de egressos, fomento do empreendedorismo e sistemas de acompanhamento de egressos. As universidades públicas enfrentam barreiras estruturais como rigidez burocrática e limitações de autonomia. Conclui-se que é necessária uma abordagem holística que integre intervenções curriculares, extracurriculares e de política pública.
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