The Introduction of Vaccines in Cuba: A Historical, Social, and Political Analysis (19th Century)

Abstract

This article examines the introduction and dissemination of vaccines in Cuba during the 19th century, highlighting the historical, social, and political aspects that shaped this process. It analyzes the role of colonial and local authorities in institutionalizing smallpox vaccination and establishing health structures such as vaccine boards and institutes. Social responses to the campaigns ranged from broad acceptance to specific resistance. The study also explores the influence of European scientific currents on the development of medicine in Cuba. Using historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, and hermeneutic methods, and triangulating historical, documentary, and academic sources, the research emphasizes vaccination as a key factor in shaping public health in the 19th century. Findings show that vaccination contributed to reducing epidemic-related mortality and consolidating collective health awareness. The study provides insights into the relationship between science, colonial politics, and society in the Caribbean context.