Intelligent System Applied to Electronic Waste Recycling with Big Data and IoT: A Case Study in Recycling Companies of Medellín

Abstract

The The main objective of this article is to observe the characteristics and challenges in the use of emerging technologies such as Big Data and the Internet of Things (IoT) in relation to electronic waste recycling systems in three recycling companies in the city of Medellín. This is done using a qualitative multi-case study methodology (Stake, 1995).
The sources of information used are structured into three models: three (3) semi-structured interviews with management personnel, thirty (30) surveys of operational personnel, and direct observation of the three (3) selected companies. This data collection was established in accordance with strict ethical principles, confidentiality clauses, and informed consent.
In the data collection phase, 100% of the estimated sample was achieved. This information demonstrates the total coverage of the qualitative tools, guaranteeing the analytical depth and reliability of the findings.
The results reflect a low implementation of emerging technologies, all within the framework of rudimentary recycling processes, high costs, low training in technological issues, and regulatory and legal gaps in Colombia. However, positive aspects were identified that offer a more encouraging outlook in terms of technological innovation, which could lead to improvements in the operational and administrative efficiency of organizations dedicated to e-waste recycling. The information presented was structured and analyzed using open and axial categorization procedures (Strauss & Corbin, 2002), achieving criteria of theoretical saturation and validity through triangulation (Hernández-Sampieri, Fernández-Collado, & Baptista-Lucio, 2014).
Based on the results obtained, we suggest implementing a management model that leverages emerging technologies, integrating IoT sensors, cloud storage, and predictive algorithm tools (Big Data, AI), which would improve the efficiency of processes related to route traceability, collection, and classification of electronic waste. The use of a model from this perspective would establish the starting point in the local circular economy in relation to the operational management of electronic waste, but with significant potential for implementation at the regional level.